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AIDS/HIV |
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"Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome" (AIDS) is caused by a virus called HIV (human immunodeficiency
virus). It is characterised by a variety of symptoms resulting from
an insufficient immune response.
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Antibodies |
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Antibodies are special proteins
that are produced by plasma cells (B-Cells) in response to foreign
antigens. Antibodies are part of the specific immune system.
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Chromosomal |
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Chromosomal means that it
belongs to the chromosome. Chromosomes are part of the cell nucleus.
They are made of DNA carrying the genetic information.
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Complement
proteins |
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Complement proteins are important
components of the immune response. The interaction of these proteins
in a cascade leads to a variety of biological processes. The activation
of the complement system, which is part of the non-specific humoral
immune system, can directly lead to resolution of germs or facilitate
phagocytosis.
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DNA |
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DNA molecule is known as deoxyribonucleic
acid that stores the genetic information for most living organisms.
It is double-stranded genetic material in the chromosomes.
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Enzymes |
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Enzymes are proteins that acts
as a catalyst for a specific reaction. They induce changes in other
proteins while remaining unchanged themselves.
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Fleming |
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Alexander Fleming, a Scottish
scientist, who discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, in 1928.
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Granulocytes |
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Granulocytes belong to the
white blood cells and are part of the non-specific immune system.
Especially, the neutrophils are important phagocytes.
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Hepatitis |
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Hepatitis is an inflammation
of the liver usually caused by a virus.
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Lymphocytes |
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Lymphocytes are white blood
cells involved in specific immune responses. They can be divided in
two major groups: the T-cells and B-cells.
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Macrophages |
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Macrophages are phagocytes.
After migration into the tissue, monocytes (white blood cells) become
macrophages, which means "large eater."
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Monocytes |
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Monocytes are white blood cells
which are part of the non-specific immune response.
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Non-specific
immune system |
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Non-specific immune system
is the natural innate immune response. Phagocytes, complement proteins,
the skin and mucous membranes and the natural microbial flora are
typical components.
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Phagocytes |
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Phagocytes including granulocytes,
monocytes (white blood cells) and specialized tissue cells (macrophages)
are major cellular components of the non-specific immune system.
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Phagocytosis |
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Phagocytosis is the process
by which pathogens are engulfed and destroyed by phagocytes of the
host´s immune system.
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RNA |
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Ribonucleic acid is a molecule
that controls protein synthesis in all living cells and takes the
place of DNA in some viruses. It is single-stranded genetic material.
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Specific
immune system |
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Specific immune system is the
part of the immune system that is able to learn and memorize. Lymphocytes
and antibodies are specific immune components.
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Tuberculosis |
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Tuberculosis is a disease caused
by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can affect any part of the body,
but most often affects the lungs. Symptoms include fever, sweats,
and rapid weight loss.
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